原来Discussion也有写作套路！
上个月，我们介绍了科技论文引言部分的写作套路（点此回顾），包括写作顺序和结构，同时提供了许多实用的写作模板，希望你阅读完之后能够独立撰写出逻辑清晰且符合科技论文规范要求的引言部分。
本月，我们以同样的方式继续和大家分享一下关于论文讨论部分的写作流程和常用模板，如果你正准备开始撰写SCI论文，那么绝对不容错过！
讨论部分的常规写作顺序
1、重新回顾一下论文之前的内容（如Introduction、Results部分），简要地总结一些普遍的或关键的实验结果。尽管你之前已经详细说明的主要的Results，因此类似于Abstract部分那样简单提及几句即可，这么做是为了更自然地过渡到对于你的实验结果的更深层次的解释和讨论。
2、阐述你的研究工作与当前研究领域有哪些关联性，将你的研究成果融入该领域的研究背景中。你在引言部分已经作过文献综述，描绘了研究领域的现状，而此刻你要进一步告诉读者你的研究结果是如何影响、甚至改变了你的研究领域的现状。这种关联性可以是与其它相关文献结果的比较来进行说明，如实验方法的不同、对已有结果进行新的论证、对同一问题得出截然相反的结论、发现一个全新的现象……
3、讨论你的研究工作对该领域产生的贡献程度，提炼出论文可能带来的更深远的影响。研究论文的目的不仅仅是简单地获得和描述结果，而是需要在现有知识背景下如何去理解这些结果，并对其含义进行合理的说明，如研究结果意味着什么？问题和结果之间有什么关系？你的结果与其它文献报导的是否一致？如果你的结果有点出乎意料，务必要尝试解释原因。读者希望知道他们可以从你的论文中获取到哪些可靠的信息。在Results部分你只需要描述清楚你得到了什么实验数据和结果，而Discussion部分的核心作用是与读者探讨它们究竟有哪些意义和作用。
4、重点强调你的研究存在哪些切合实际的应用潜力和前景，同时说明本研究在当前的局限性以及对未来可能的延续性研究的展望。这部分当然也可以放在论文最后的结论部分（Conclusion）再涉及到。在这里提及的局限性并不是指你的研究存在不足，而是为你未来的工作明确一个方向，毕竟一篇短短的研究论文不可能面面俱到。一项好的研究工作应该具有开放的拓展方向和应用前景。
Cognitive-behavioural stress management (CBSM) skills and quality of life in stress-related disorders
Discussion
1 Prior work has documented the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention in improving quality of life (QoL) and reducing stress in patients suffering from various disorders; Epstein,18 for example, reports that orthopedic patients participating in a two-week multimedia intervention programme improved across several QoL indices, including interpersonal conflict and mental health.
1 重新回顾之前的研究部分
2 However, these studies have either been short-term studies or have not focused on patients whose disorder was stress-related. 3 In this study we tested the extent to which an extended three-month stress management programme improved QoL among a group of patients being treated for stress-related skin disorders such as eczema. 4 We found that in virtually all cases, participation in our three-month stress management programme was associated with substantial increases in the skills needed to improve QoL. 5 These findings extend those of Kaliom, confirming that a longer, more intensive period of stress-management training tends to produce more effective skills than when those skills are input over a shorter period via information transfer media such as leaflets and presentations (Kaliom et al., 2003). 6 In addition, the improvements noted in our study were unrelated to age, gender or ethnic background. 7 This study therefore indicates that the benefits gained from stress-management intervention may address QoL needs across a wide range of patients. 8 Most notably, this is the first study to our knowledge to investigate the effectiveness of extended psychosocial intervention in patients whose disorder is itself thought to be stress-related. 9 Our results provide compelling evidence for long-term involvement with such patients and suggest that this approach appears to be effective in counteracting stress that may exacerbate the disorder. 10 However, some limitations are worth noting.
2 重新回顾引言指出先前的研究方法的不足
3 重新审视本研究所用的方法
4 重新总结概括一次实验结果
5 展示当前工作与本领域的研究关联性和融合性
6 强调结果给某一方面带来的贡献度
7 着重说明这些贡献的意义和含义
8 指出了研究的其中一个成就或贡献是它的创新性
9 重新审视结果的含义与可能的应用前景
10 描述研究的局限性和未来的方向
11 Although our hypotheses were supported statistically, the sample was not reassessed once the programme was over. 12 Future work should therefore include follow-up work designed to evaluate whether the skills are retained in the long term and also whether they continue to be used to improve QoL.
11 描述研究的局限性和未来的方向
12 明确后续研究工作应当去解决的问题/内容
和上一期对Introduction写作套路的介绍一样，对于Discussion的每个写作模块，下面分别展示了一些更通用的句型、短语或词汇示例。
Step 1
回顾之前的引言或结果部分
• Since the angular alignment is critical, the effect of an error in orientation was investigated experimentally.
• We reasoned that an interaction in one network between proteins that are far apart in the other network may be a technology-specific artifact.
• In earlier studies attempts were made to establish degradation rate constants by undertaking ozonation experiments.
• The main purpose of this work was to test algorithm performance.
• As mentioned previously, the aim of the tests was to construct a continuous crack propagation history.
• In this work, we sought to establish a methodology for the synthesis of a benzoxazine skeleton.
• It was suggested in the Introduction that the effective stress paths may be used to define local bounding surfaces.
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 2
阐述与研究领域的关联性
• The results of this simulation therefore challenge Laskay’s assumption that percentage porosity increases with increasing Mg levels.
• The GMD method provides results that are comparable to existing clay hydration processes.
• Similar films on gold nanoparticles have also been found to be liquid-like.
• Using this multi-grid solver, load information is propagated faster through the mesh.
• Our results are in general agreement with previous morphometric and DNA incorporation studies in the rat.
• Our current findings expand prior work.
• The system described in this paper is far less sensitive to vibration or mechanical path changes than previous systems.
• Unlike McGowan, we did not identify 9-cis RA in the mouse lung.
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 3
强调研究的重要成就 / 贡献度
• The presence of such high levels is a novel finding.
• We identify dramatically different profiles in adult lungs.
• Our results provide compelling evidence that this facilitated infection.
• These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of using hologrambased RI detectors.
• Our data rule out the possibility that this behaviour was a result of neurological abnormality.
• The system presented here is a cost-effective detection protocol.
• A straightforward analysis procedure was presented which enables the accurate prediction of column behaviour.
• Our study provides the framework for future studies to assess the performance characteristics.
• We have made the surprising observation that Bro1-GFP focus accumulation is also pH-dependent.
• We have derived exact analytic expressions for the percolation threshold.
• Our results provide a clear distinction between the functions of the pathway proteins.
该部分更多常用词组：
Step 4
局限性 / 当前和未来研究 / 应用前景
• Our results are encouraging and should be validated in a larger cohort of women.
• However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be determined.
• This finding is promising and should be explored with other eukaryotes.
• Future work should focus on the efficacy of ligands synthesised in the Long group.
• An important question for future studies is to determine the antidepressant effects of such drugs.
• Our technique can be applied to a wide range of simulation applications.
• The PARSEX reactor therefore could be used for the realistic testing of a wide range of control algorithms.
• It should be possible, therefore, to integrate the HOE onto a microchip.
• This approach has potential in areas such as fluid density measurement.
• The solution method could be applied without difficulty to irregularly shaped slabs.
• Our results mean that in dipping reservoirs, compositional gradients
can now be produced very quickly.
• This could eventually lead to the identification of novel biomarkers.
该部分更多常用词组：
如果你不知道讨论部分应该安排哪些内容，建议你可以熟记这篇文章中提到的写作方式和概念；如果你仅仅存在英语写作方面的困扰，建议你可以收藏并打印以上这些常用的句式和短语，我相信会给你带来一些启发。
”参考资料：
Hilary Glasman-Deal. Science Research Writing - A Guide for Non-Native Speakers of English
往期精选